The traditional sand and gravel aggregate production line is affected by the process and equipment, which is prone to dust pollution and sewage silt problems, resulting in mines full of gullies and cross-flow of sewage after mining. The sand and gravel industry should continue to vigorously promote the integration of sand and gravel mine resources, optimize the industrial structure, and accelerate the construction of green systems such as green mines, green factories, and green bases. For the sand and gravel production line, only based on green environmental protection can it develop for a long time.
The environmental protection measures of the sand and gravel aggregate production line can be divided into three stages, namely, the selection of crushing equipment in the process of mining ore, the selection of crushing equipment in the process of aggregate processing, and the environmental protection measures in the production process.
1. Protection measures that can be taken in the process of stone mining
It is necessary to pay attention to the planning and design stage of the mining project, pay attention to the earthwork balance of the overall project, comprehensively utilize the excavated materials, and reduce the disposal of excavated materials. This is not only beneficial to environmental protection but also reduces project investment. On the premise of ensuring the aggregate quality and reserves, when selecting the ore source, the feed material should be more than 80% of the useful ore, and the thickness of the covering layer should be as small as possible to reduce the amount of stripping and waste.
1. Set up intercepting ditches and pay attention to drainage
Affected by natural weather, it is inevitable to rain during the mining process. It is necessary to prevent the random discharge of rainwater and prevent the occurrence of debris flow. Therefore, necessary intercepting ditches should be set up on each step of mining construction. When the water catchment area at the top of the mining face is large, the rapid flow trough should be reasonably set up on the slope to stop the collected rainwater and groundwater to the designated drainage pipe.
2. Make a good waste disposal plan
Prevent waste slag from being piled up randomly, pay attention to the layout of construction roads and supporting buildings, and make necessary drainage facilities. At the same time, the operation, maintenance and management of the spoil yard shall be strengthened. When the scale of the spoil yard is large and the conditions are relatively complicated, the safety inspection of the stockpiling should be strengthened to prevent accidental safety accidents.
3. Dust removal and noise reduction measures
Formulate feasible dust prevention and noise reduction measures to reduce atmospheric dust pollution; optimize blasting parameters to control dust generation during drilling and blasting; optimize single-shot charge and control particle vibration velocity to avoid impact of blasting shock waves on adjacent buildings or facilities In addition, water can be sprinkled before and after blasting to reduce dust.
4. After use, clear the site and restore vegetation
After the ore quarry is used, if conditions permit, man-made arable land and afforestation can be done to clear the site and restore vegetation. For the already formed excavation slope, the spoil ground should be protected and treated to achieve stability and avoid the occurrence of debris flow and landslides.
2. Environmental protection measures for sand and gravel aggregate crushing equipment
Sand and gravel aggregate processing equipment is mostly a source of noise and dust, which will pollute the surrounding environment and threaten the health of production personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to control it from the crushing equipment.
(1) The selection of the crusher should be based on the premise of meeting the crushing ratio determined by the process. The crushing equipment of the same type should try to choose a crushing equipment with a low center of gravity, a small movement range of the rotor or web, and excellent protection performance, so as to minimize the noise from the source. degree.
(2) On the basis of ensuring the screening efficiency, the vibrating screen should try to choose polyurethane screen with good shock absorption effect. Or adopt new materials that help reduce equipment vibration.
(3) During the entire crushing process, spraying devices can be used for the inlet and outlet; the conveyor can be sealed to prevent dust from overflowing.
3. Design of environmental protection measures in the production process
1. Environmental protection design of dry process production line
When the dry production process is used to produce sand and gravel aggregates, dust is more likely to be generated, so generally the entire production line will adopt a fully sealed design, and the dust will be recovered by fans and dust collectors, and the useful dust will be recovered by classifying. .
2. Environmental protection measures for wet production process
In order to ensure the quality requirements of sand and gravel aggregates and control the mud content and stone powder content, wet production processes are generally adopted. The wet process will cause the loss of useful particles and the discharge of stone powder (soil). In addition, the discharged wastewater must meet the national secondary discharge standard.
(1) Stone powder recycling process. The pre-sedimentation-sedimentation treatment plan is adopted to mechanically dehydrate the waste residue discharged during the pre-sedimentation process, from which recyclable fine sand and stone powder are extracted, and a considerable volume of waste residue dewatering tank is configured to treat the waste residue and waste residue discharged during the mechanical dehydration process. The waste residue discharged from the sedimentation tank adopts the method of natural storage and dehydration;
(2) Wastewater treatment and recycling process. The waste water discharged from the system is concentrated first, and the waste residue that has been concentrated to a certain concentration is mechanically dehydrated. The overflow water from the concentration tank enters the sedimentation tank for clarification, and then the waste residue separated by mechanical dehydration and the stone powder and sludge discharged from the sedimentation tank are subjected to final mechanical dehydration. dehydration.
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